Holkham Hall Walled Garden

Holkham’s Walled Garden is a fine example of a historic garden, and we’re working hard to maintain and rejuvenate the six acres which were originally laid out by Samuel Wyatt during the late 1700s. We invite you to step inside and see how the work is progressing. The garden is divided into ‘squares’ and ‘slips’, each with their own theme and associated planting plan.
Learn how we are aiming to use nature on an increasing scale to tackle pests and diseases rather than chemicals.  You’ll also find areas of cover crops, that are planted to help improve the quality of our soils, and plenty of wildflowers in and around the Walled Garden to encourage and support pollinators.

Sissinghurst

Sissinghurst Castle Garden, at Sissinghurst in the Weald of Kent in England, was created by Vita Sackville-West, poet and writer, and her husband Harold Nicolson, author and diplomat. It is among the most famous gardens in England and is designated Grade I on Historic England's register of historic parks and gardens. It was bought by Sackville-West in 1930, and over the next thirty years, working with, and later succeeded by, a series of notable head gardeners, she and Nicolson transformed a farmstead of "squalor and slovenly disorder" into one of the world's most influential gardens. Following Sackville-West's death in 1962, the estate was donated to the National Trust. It was ranked 42nd on the list of the Trust's most-visited sites in the 2021–2022 season, with over 150,000 visitors. 

Syon Park

Syon Park /ˈsaɪən/ is the garden of Syon House, the London home of the Duke of Northumberland in Brentford in the London Borough of Hounslow. It was landscaped by Capability Brown in the 18th century, and it is Grade I listed by English Heritage under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 for its special historic interest. The 56.6-hectare (140-acre) main gardens are a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I, and the flood meadows next to the River Thames are a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation

Botanical naming

The use of Latin nomenclature for plants is internationally accepted.
Botanical names are made up of two or more words derived from Latin (or some­times Greek). 
The first word, always written with an initial capital letter, gives the plant genus, for example, Campanula. This is followed by the specific name, for example, latifolia. 

Next comes the varietal name, which may be in Latin (as alba, when referring to a naturally occurring variety); or in the vernacular (as 'Brantwood', when occurring as a cultivated variety 
or cultivar). 

When ordering plants it is important to state the full plant name, such as Campanula latifolia alba 
or Campanula latifolia 'Brantwood'. 

The specific name, which always follows the gender of the genus (-us is masculine, -um neuter and -a feminine), often expresses some characteristic of the plant, its place of origin or the name of its discoverer.

A
acaulis
- stemless  
aculetus -  prickly, thorny  
aestivalls - of summer  
affinis - related to another species 
alatus - winged  
albus - white  
alpestris  -  of mountains  
alpinus - alpine  
alternifolius  - alternate (of leaves)  
amabillis - lovely 
americanus  American  
amoenus - pleasing, lovely  
angustifolius  - narrow-leaved  
annuus - annual  
apiculatus  - pointed at the tip (usually of leaves)  aquaticus  - aquatic  
aquifolius  - pointed, holly-like (of leaves) 
arborescens -  tree like  
argenteus - silvery  
argutus  - sharp  
armatus - armed (with prickles or thorns) 
arvensis - of fields 
asiaticus -Asiatic  
atro­-dark (prefix)  
aurantiacus -orange  
auratus, aureus-golden  
auriculatus -ear-shaped, eared  
australis -southern  
autumnalis -autumnal  
azureus -sky blue  

B
baccatus
-berried  
barbarus-foreign  
barbatus-bearded, barbed  
bellus -beautiful  
bicolor -two-coloured  
bicornis -two-horned  
biflorus-two-flowered 
blandus-agreeable, pleasant  
borealis-northern  
brachy­-short (prefix)  
bracteatus -with bracts  
brevi--short (prefix)  
bulbosus -bulbous  

C
caeruleus -blue  
caespitosus -tufted  
calcaratus -spurred  
calcareus -chalky or limy  
campanulatus -bell-shaped  
campestris -of fields or plains  
candicans -whitish  
candidissimus-pure white 
candidus -shining white 
capensis -of the Cape of 
cardinalis -deep· scarlet 
carneus -flesh-coloured 
chinensis -Chinese 
cinereus -grey, ash-coloured 
coccineus -scarlet 
communis -common, growing in company 
cordatus -heart-shaped 
cordifolius -heart-shaped (of 
cristatus - crested 
cruentus -blood-red 
cyaneus -blue

D
decurrens - sharp-toothed
dentatus - edible

E
edulis - edible
elatus - tall 

F
fastigiatus -erect, close-branched 
flavescens -double-flowered
flavus -yellow 
flore pleno -Double-flowered 
foetidus -bad-smelling 
fragilis -brittle 
fragrans -fragrant 
fruticosus -shrubby 
fulgens -glowing, shining 

G
giganteus -very large 
glaber, glabratus -hairless, smooth 
glaucus-covered with a whitish or bluish grey bloom 
globosus
-globular (usually of flower heads) glomeratus -clustered 
glutinosus -sticky 
gracilis -slender 
grandilflorus -large-flowered 
grandilfolius -large-leaved 
grandis -large 

H
hirsutus -long haired
h horizontalis -horizontal 
hortensis -of gardens 
hyemalis -of winter 
imbricatus -overlapping 
insignis -distinguished, remarkable 

J
japonicus -Japanese 
laciniatus -irregularly cut, jagged

L
laevigatus -smooth 
lanatus-woolly 
lanceolatus/lancifolius-lance-shaped (of leaves) 
latibroad (prefix) 
lutescens -becoming yellowish 
luteus -yellow

M
macro- -large (prefix). 
maja/is -of the month of May 
major -larger 
majus -great 
maritimus-of the sea 
maximus-largest 
mediterraneus-Mediterranean 
mega-large (prefix) 
micro-small (prefix) 
minimus-smallest 
minor-smaller 
mollis-downy, soft 
montanus-of mountains 
mucronatus-short, sharp-tipped (of leaves) multiflorus-many-flowered 
muralis-of walls 

N
nanus-dwarf 
natans-floating, underwater

S
sagittifolius - with arrow shaped leaves
sanguineus - blood-red  
scaber- rough 
scandens - climbing 
semperflorens - ever flowering 
sempervirens - evergreen 
septentrionalis - northern
sessilis - stalkless  
sibiricus - Siberian                                              
sinensis - Chinese 
sino- Chinese(prefix) 
speciosus - showy 
spectabilis - spectacular 
splendens - splendid, brilliant                                          stellatus - starry                
suaveolens - sweet scented 
sub- nearly or under (prefix) stem              seffruticosus - nearly shrubby                     
superbus - superb, superior 
sylvaticus - Forest liking 
sylvestris - of woods or forests, or growing wild                                     
T
tomentosus - densely hairy 
tri- three (prefix)
tricolor -three coloured 
truncatus - cut off squarely (of leaves)

U      
umbellatus - flowers in umbels                    
uni - one (prefix)

V
vagans - wandering 
variegatus - irregularly coloured 
veris - of spring 
vernalis, vernus - of spring                                           villosus - softly hairy 
violaceus - violet 
virens - green 
virescens - becoming green, greenish 
virginalis - virgin 
virginianus or virgineus  - of Virginia 
viridiflorus - Green flowered 
vulgaris - common, usual  

Z                              
zebrinus - striped 
zonatus  - banded, zoned

Botanical taxonomy

©2022 Let's Talk Science

Colouring your garden

A Basic Guide to Garden Colour 

 “Colour! What a deep and mysterious language, 
the language of dreams.
” 
— Paul Gauguin

Understanding colour is one of the most powerful tools in a gardener's repertoire. 
Whether you're planning a new border, choosing plants for containers, or reimagining your entire garden, knowing how colours work together will help you create spaces that are harmonious, exciting, or perfectly suited to your mood and style.

The Colour Wheel

At the heart of understanding colour is the colour wheel, which organizes colours in a way that shows their relationships. The primary colours are red, blue, and yellow. Between these sit the secondary colours (orange, green, and violet), created by mixing primaries. Beyond these are tertiary colours, which fill in the gaps. For gardeners, you don't need to memorize all of this, but understanding a few key relationships will transform your planting decisions.

Key Colour relationships

Complementary

Complementary colours sit opposite each other on the wheel: red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple. These pairings create vibrant, high-energy combinations. Think of orange marigolds against the blue of forget-me-nots, or purple salvias fronting chartreuse hostas. 
These are combinations which really stand out, however they can be overwhelming in large doses. 

Analogous colours

Analogous colours sit next to each other on the wheel: yellow, orange, and red, or blue, violet, and purple. These create harmonious, easy-on-the-eye schemes that feel cohesive and natural. A drift of purple alliums, blue catmint, and violet geraniums flows together beautifully. 

Monochromatic

Monochromatic schemes use different shades, tints, and tones of a single colour. 
A white garden, for instance, might include cream roses, pure white daisies, and silver-leaved artemisia. These sophisticated schemes rely on texture and form for interest.

Foundational Colour

It is worth remembering that often Green, with its many hues will be the foundational element for colour choices.

Warm and Cool Colours

Colours also have temperature. Reds, oranges, and yellows are warm colours that advance toward you, making spaces feel more intimate and energetic. They're perfect for injecting life into a dull corner or creating a welcoming entrance. Blues, purples, and greens are cool colours that recede, making gardens feel larger and more tranquil. They're ideal for creating restful spaces or making a small garden appear more spacious.

Practical Tips for Using Colour

Start with one dominant colour. Choose a main colour and build around it with accents and neutrals. This prevents the visual chaos that can come from too many competing colours. 

Use white and silver as buffers. If you're worried about colours clashing, plants with white flowers or silver foliage act as peacekeepers, separating and harmonizing bolder choices. 

Consider foliage, not just flowers. Flowers come and go, but foliage is present for months. The silvery-grey of lavender, the burgundy of heucheras, or the golden tones of some conifers provide long-lasting colour structure. Think about seasonal progression. Gardens change through the seasons. Spring might be awash with yellows and blues (daffodils and bluebells), while autumn could shift to oranges and reds (crocosmia and dahlias). Plan for this evolution. 

Less is often more. Three well-chosen colours repeated throughout a space often work better than a rainbow assortment. Repetition creates rhythm and cohesion.

Light and Aspect 

The quality of light in your garden dramatically affects how colours appear. In bright, sunny conditions, pale colours can wash out while strong colours hold their own. 

In shade, pale colours glow and bright colours can look garish. 

Notice how light falls in your space at different times of day and year. The backdrop matters too. A red rose against a red brick wall disappears; against a dark yew hedge, it blazes. Consider what's behind your plants.

Trust Your Instincts

Finally, while guidelines are helpful, gardens should bring you joy. If you love a particular colour combination, even if it breaks the "rules," that's perfectly valid. 

Remember Colour is very subjective.

Some of the most memorable gardens come from confident, personal colour choices. 

Start experimenting, observe what pleases you, and refine as you go. Gardening is forgiving
—if something doesn't work, you can always move it next season.

"I found I could say things with colour and shapes that I could not say any other way"
Georgia O'Keefe

Advanced 
Colour application

Want a more comprehensive and practical guide to applying colour in the Garden.
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